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Tax Policy Center

Research & Commentary

Brief
State and Local Issues

Itemizing on State and Federal Income Tax Returns: It's (Now More) Complicated

A taxpayer’s decision to itemize deductions or to claim the standard deduction on their income tax return is often framed as a simple calculation: Claim the greater of the two so as to minimize tax liability. But in states that require taxpayers to use the same status on their state income tax...

December 2, 2020
David Weiner
Research report
Individual Taxes

Do People Work Longer When They Live Longer?

Although theory suggests that people who live longer work longer, life expectancy and labor force participation at older ages have not always moved in the same direction. This paper uses a spatial approach based on census-tract-level data from the U.S. Small-Area Life...

December 1, 2020
Aaron R. WilliamsC. Eugene Steuerle
Brief
Federal Budget and Economy

The Federal Budget Outlook After COVID-19

This policy brief shows that the COVID-19 pandemic and associated policy responses substantially raised federal deficits, but only on a temporary basis. We project that the debt-to-GDP ratio, currently 98 percent, will rise to 190 percent in 2050 under current law, compared to a pre-COVID...

November 23, 2020
Alan J. AuerbachWilliam G. Gale
Research report
Individual Taxes

Social Security & Medicare Lifetime Benefits & Taxes: 2020

This report presents updated figures in 2020 dollars for the lifetime benefits earned and the lifetime taxes paid by hypothetical workers participating in Social Security and Medicare. For a single male earning average wages every year and retiring in 2020 at age 65, lifetime Social Security and...

November 17, 2020
Erald KolasiC. Eugene Steuerle
Research report

A Synthetic Supplemental Public-Use File of Low-Income Information Return Data: Methodology, Utility, and Privacy Implications

The Statistics of Income division of the Internal Revenue Service releases an annual public-use file of individual income tax returns that is invaluable to tax analysts in government agencies, nonprofit research organizations, and the private sector. However, the Statistics of Income division...

November 11, 2020
Claire BowenVictoria L. BryantLeonard E. BurmanSurachai KhitatrakunGraham MacDonaldRobert McClellandPhilip StallworthKyle UeyamaAaron R. WilliamsNoah Zwiefel
Brief
Federal Budget and Economy

Sine Qua Non: A Healthy Nation Requires Real Budget Constraints in All Government Health Programs

Every government health program should operate under the same budget constraint that applies to other government programs. Failure to do so represents bad budgeting and economic, social, and health policy; redistributes income in perverse ways; and makes health care...

November 6, 2020
C. Eugene Steuerle
Brief
Campaigns, Proposals, and Reforms

An Updated Analysis of Former Vice President Biden's Tax Proposals

NOTE: This is a corrected version of the analysis originally published October 15, 2020.

This brief updates estimates of the revenue and distributional effects of former vice president Joe Biden’s 2020 campaign tax...

November 6, 2020
Gordon B. MerminJanet HoltzblattSurachai KhitatrakunChenxi LuThornton MathesonJeffrey Rohaly
Brief
Federal Budget and Economy

The Long Shadow of White Supremacist Fiscal Policy

Fiscal policy was of primary importance to the white supremacist governments that came to power on a wave of electoral fraud, intimidation, and violence at the end of the Reconstruction. By the end of the 19th Century, the fiscal system, like the larger legal framework of the Jim Crow South, had...

November 4, 2020
Vanessa Williamson
Research report
Federal Budget and Economy

The Long Shadow of White Supremacist Fiscal Policy

This paper examines the fiscal system put in place in the former Confederacy in the decades after Reconstruction. Overturning Reconstruction-era policies that taxed wealth and invested in public services, the white supremacist governments that came to power in the later 19th Century slashed...

November 4, 2020
Vanessa Williamson
Brief

Simplifying Student Aid

Simplifying the student aid application process and making the system easier for students and families to understand and navigate has long been high on the agenda of policymakers and advocates for college access. Despite progress, the process for completing the Free Application for Federal...

October 19, 2020
Sandy BaumKim S. Rueben

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