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Tax Policy Center

Research & Commentary

Brief
Business Taxes

Did States Maximize Their Opportunity Zone Selections?

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act included a new federal incentive—Opportunity Zones—to spur investment in poor and undercapitalized communities. Governors (and the mayor of the District of Columbia) have now selected which among the roughly 56 percent of eligible census tracts in the US should be...

May 21, 2018
Brett TheodosBrady Meixell
Research report
State and Local Issues

The Effect of The TCJA Individual Income Tax Provisions Across Income Groups and Across the States

The Tax Cut and Jobs Act (TCJA) will reduce individual income taxes on average for all income groups and in all states. Unlike prior Tax Policy Center reports, this analysis focuses on the distribution of the individual income tax changes, and does not include changes in the corporate income tax...

March 28, 2018
Frank SammartinoPhilip StallworthDavid Weiner
Research report
State and Local Issues

Follow the Money: How to Track Federal Funding to Local Governments

To respond effectively to state and federal policy changes, city leaders, non-profit service providers, advocates, and researchers all need accurate data on how federal funds flow to local governments. Unfortunately, those data are spread across multiple sources that are often indecipherable or...

February 27, 2018
Megan RandallTracy GordonSolomon GreeneErin Huffer
Brief
State and Local Issues

The Budget Cycle and Line-Item Veto

Although most states produce a budget annually, 20 states produce a budget every other year for the upcoming two fiscal years, or biennially. This fact sheet describes the budget process and reviews the evidence on how annual and biennial budgeting, as well as the line item veto, affect fiscal...

November 28, 2017
Kim S. RuebenMegan Randall
Brief
State and Local Issues

Supermajority Budget and Tax Rules

Supermajority budget rules require a state to obtain more than a majority vote of the legislature, typically two-thirds or three-fifths of the votes, to pass a budget bill. This fact sheet reviews evidence on how supermajority budget rules affect fiscal outcomes, such as late budgets and...

November 28, 2017
Kim S. RuebenMegan Randall
Brief
State and Local Issues

Revenue Volatility

Fluctuations in state revenue, especially unexpected ones, can compromise state services and contribute to overall fiscal instability. This fact sheet discusses the causes of state revenue volatility and how state tax and budget policy can either contribute to, or mitigate, it.

November 28, 2017
Kim S. RuebenMegan Randall
Brief
State and Local Issues

Revenue Forecasting Practices

States use different methods to estimate how much revenue they will have available to spend in future years. This fact sheet describes different approaches to revenue forecasting and presents recommendations on how to improve forecasting accuracy and transparency.

November 28, 2017
Kim S. RuebenMegan Randall
Brief
State and Local Issues

Budget Stabilization Funds

Budget stabilization funds (BSFs), also known as rainy day funds, allow states to set aside surplus revenue for times of unexpected revenue shortfall or budget deficit. This fact sheet describes how BSF rules vary across states and reviews evidence on how they affect savings and volatility.

November 28, 2017
Kim S. RuebenMegan Randall
Brief
State and Local Issues

Tax and Expenditure Limits

Tax and expenditure limits (TELs) are self-imposed restrictions that state governments create to restrict the amount they can tax or spend. This fact sheet describes how TELs vary across states and discusses evidence on whether TELs achieve their objective of restraining government growth.

November 28, 2017
Kim S. RuebenMegan Randall
Brief
State and Local Issues

Balanced Budget Requirements

Balanced budget requirements (BBRs) prohibit states from spending more than they collect in revenue. This fact sheet describes how BBRs vary in stringency and design and reviews evidence on whether stricter antideficit provisions produce “tighter” state fiscal outcomes, such as reduced spending...

November 28, 2017
Kim S. RuebenMegan Randall

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