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Low-income households

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Individual Taxes

Poverty Thresholds

Poverty thresholds (in dollars) by size of family and number of related children, 1990 to 2022.

State and Local Issues

State EITC as Percentage of the Federal EITC

Individual Taxes

EITC Claims by State

Number of federal EITC returns, share of total returns, total and average dollar amounts of credit, by state.

Individual Taxes

Credit Type and Amount

Number of returns claiming and amount of various tax credits, by AGI.

Individual Taxes

EITC Parameters

EITC credit rate, minimum income for maximum credit amount, maximum credit amount, and phaseout rate and range, by number of qualifying children, 1975 to 2023.

Parameters for filers with no custodial children at home ("childless" filers) were updated March 19, 2021 to reflect the temporary expansion of the EITC enacted as part of the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021.

Individual Taxes

Federal Returns with EITC

Number and dollar amount of EITC, by type of income, number of qualifying children, and income.

Individual Taxes

EITC Recipients

Number of EITC recipients, total amount and refundable amount of credit, and average credit claimed, 1975 through 2020.

Individual Taxes

Debt Payments

Ratio of debt payments to family income (aggregate and median), by selected characteristics of families, for survey years.

Individual Taxes

Median Income by Family Characteristics

Median income of families annually by selected family characteristics including type of residence, region, age of householder, family size, race or ethnicity.

Individual Taxes

Before-Tax Family Income

Mean and median before-tax family income, share of families that save, by selected characteristics of families, for survey years.

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From The Briefing Book

From the Briefing Book

How do IRS audits affect low-income families?

December 21, 2015 by tpc-admin

Q.

How do IRS audits affect low-income families?

A.

The IRS audits a disproportionate (but still small) share of tax returns that include EITC claims. The agency has found that average discrepancies between taxes owed and taxes paid are smaller on EITC returns than on all returns.

  • Read more about How do IRS audits affect low-income families?

How does the federal tax system affect low-income households?

December 21, 2015 by tpc-admin

Q.

How does the federal tax system affect low-income households?

A.

Most low-income households do not pay federal income taxes, typically because they owe no tax (as their income is lower than the standard deduction) or because tax credits offset the tax they would owe. Some receive substantial rebates via refundable tax credits. However, nearly all low-income workers are subject to the payroll tax.

  • Read more about How does the federal tax system affect low-income households?

How do taxes affect income inequality?

December 6, 2018 by tpc-admin

Q.

How do taxes affect income inequality?

A.

Because high-income households pay a larger share of their income in total federal taxes than low-income households, federal taxes reduce income inequality. But federal taxes have done little to offset increasing income inequality over the past 40 years.

  • Read more about How do taxes affect income inequality?

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