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Individual Taxes: Research report

Should Stock Options Be Preferred to 401(k) & Other Plans

Congress must be careful in deciding whether or not to subject stock options to Social Security and unemployment tax. There is certainly a case to be made for not doing so, but Congress could find itself in the funny position of offering special employment tax treatment to employees who have stock
August 5, 2002C. Eugene Steuerle
Individual Taxes: Research report

Bubble Markets and Pension Fund Assumptions

This article examines when it is appropriate to adjust expected returns upward.
July 19, 2002C. Eugene Steuerle
Federal Budget and Economy: Brief

Providing Federal Assistance for Low-Income Families through the Tax System

A Primer
The federal income tax system has been used in a number of ways to promote favored forms of consumption and investment and to help selected groups of taxpayers. Since the mid-1980s, Congress has increasingly used the federal tax code to support social programs. This trend is likely to continue. We
July 16, 2002Frank SammartinoEric ToderElaine Maag
Federal Budget and Economy: Research report

Objective Reporting: Where Can It Be Found?

It seems to be that everywhere you turn, strong viewpoints on the opposite side of any given issue are garnering attention at the sake of objective, factual reporting. Truth sometimes is represented by a strong view only on one side of an issue, and in many cases truth can be found by balancing two
July 3, 2002C. Eugene Steuerle
Federal Budget and Economy: Brief

EGTRRA: Which Provisions Spell the Most Relief?

In June 2001, Congress and the president approved the Economic Growth and Reconciliation Act of 2001 (EGTRRA), the largest tax cut in two decades. The multiyear cut, scheduled to phase in gradually over the decade, will reduce taxes (and government revenue) by $1.35 trillion by 2010. EGTRRA then "
June 24, 2002Leonard E. BurmanElaine Maag
Individual Taxes: Testimony

Social Security and the Trustees Report

Statement before the Committee on the Budget, U.S. House of Representatives
Urban Institute Senior Fellow, C. Eugene Steuerle, testifies before the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on the Budget, making recommendations on the Trustees Report on Social Security.
June 19, 2002C. Eugene Steuerle
Federal Budget and Economy: Research report

The New Old Tax Expenditure Debate, Part 3

In this third part of the series, we look at the conservatives' approach to the tax expenditure budget.
June 14, 2002C. Eugene Steuerle
: Commentary

Don't Bury the Estate Tax

The Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001 phased out the estate tax by 2010, but it is scheduled to be restored, along with the rest of the 2001 tax changes, in 2011. This commentary argues that the federal estate tax is the most progressive tax in the federal system, an
June 14, 2002Leonard E. Burman
Federal Budget and Economy: Research report

Dynamic Scoring and Budget Estimations

Dynamic scoring is meant to provide a more complete picture of the budget effects of tax and spending proposals by incorporating the macroeconomic effects of the legislation. Official estimates already account for the microeconomic effects on individual behavior. Incorporating macroeconomic
June 11, 2002Deborah Kobes
Federal Budget and Economy: Research report

The New Old Tax Expenditure Debate, Part 2

This paper focuses on how the tax expenditure debate has evolved over the years.
June 10, 2002C. Eugene Steuerle
Federal Budget and Economy: Brief

How Marriage Penalties Change Under the 2001 Tax Bill

The Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001 (EGTRRA) generally reduces marriage penalties for head of household filers marrying single filers, with combined incomes up to $80,000. The law's relevant marriage penalty provisions in order of effect are (1) the refundable, doubled
May 30, 2002Adam CarassoC. Eugene Steuerle
Federal Budget and Economy: Brief

Fiscal Discipline Requires Public Support

The U.S experiences will be useful. Public debate should be fostered.
[ Nihonkeizai Shimbun ] What can Japan learn from the United States' experience with deficit reduction? First and foremost, U.S. success in eliminating deficits would not have been possible without the support of a broad public consensus that focused on the long-run negative effects of deficits.
May 23, 2002Rudolph G. Penner
Individual Taxes: Research report

Defining Tax Shelters and Tax Arbitrage

This brief looks at tax shelters and tax arbitrage, and how they are similar to and different from 1980s tax shelters.
May 20, 2002C. Eugene Steuerle
Business Taxes: Research report

Can Policymakers Time the Ending of Macroeconomic Incentives?

Part Three: New Versus Old Business and Complexity
When policy makers decide that they are going to grant a temporary write-off for new capital investments, they essentially conclude that its macroeconomic advantages exceed other alternatives. However, incentive effects apply more powerfully to established or old business than to new business -- a
April 29, 2002C. Eugene Steuerle
Federal Budget and Economy: Brief

The Effect of the 2001 Tax Cut on Low- and Middle-Income Families and Children

The 2001 tax cut has been roundly criticized because so much of the benefit goes to the rich, but the bill also did much to help low- and middle-income families. Most notably, it increased the child tax credit and made it refundablethat is, available to families with incomes too low to owe income
April 29, 2002Leonard E. BurmanElaine Maag
Business Taxes: Research report

Can Policymakers Time the Ending of Macroeconomic Incentives?

Part Two: What Happens When Temporary Investment Incentives End?
This brief considers focuses on the ending of temporary investment incentives.
April 15, 2002C. Eugene Steuerle
Business Taxes: Research report

Can Policymakers Time the Ending of Macroeconomic Incentives?

Should policymakers use capital expense deductions to help stabilize the economy?
March 29, 2002C. Eugene Steuerle
Individual Taxes: Research report

Pension Reform Today and in 1974

In the early 1970s, a Democratic Congress and a Republican President (Nixon) became concerned about the lack of pension funding, vesting, and coverage for most Americans. They decided to do something about it. This president and Congress, I believe, are not less qualified or less concerned with the
March 11, 2002C. Eugene Steuerle
Individual Taxes: Research report

Temporary Wage Subsidies

Providing fiscal or tax subsidies to try to promote additional work and saving is a relatively modern notion. These subsidies may stimulate demand by putting more money in the economy, but they are designed primarily to affect behavior through incentives. Modern industrial economies like the U.S.
February 25, 2002C. Eugene Steuerle
Individual Taxes: Research report

Will Enron Lead to Enhanced Retirement Security?

The collapse of Enron brings out many tales, but none motivate action more than images of workers who now are left with little or nothing in the way of retirement plan benefits. In response, President Bush has requested legislation that would essentially remove some bars that prevent workers from
February 11, 2002C. Eugene Steuerle
Federal Budget and Economy: Testimony

Framing the Budget Debate for the Future

Testimony before the Committee on the Budget, United States Senate
Urban Institute president, Robert Reischauer, testifies before Congress on some of the challenges facing the Congress as it makes its decisions about the fiscal 2003 budget.
January 29, 2002Robert D. Reischauer
Campaigns, Proposals, and Reforms: Research report

Analysis of GAO Study of EITC Eligibility and Participation

GAO released an analysis on January 11 of Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) eligibility and participation rates. The study estimates that one fourth of all eligible households do not claim the EITC. However, GAO's study was based on information from two mismatched databases and its conclusions should
January 1, 2002Leonard E. BurmanDeborah Kobes
Individual Taxes: Research report

Social Policy and the Tax System

To sort out the pros and cons of using the tax system to enact social policy goals, in particular to help low-income families, the Urban Institute convened a tax policy forum in Washington, D.C., on June 21, 2001. The discussion revealed that using the tax system as a social policy tool is a much
January 1, 2002Frank SammartinoEric Toder
Business Taxes: Research report

Charities and Disaster Relief

Applying Classic Principles of Public Finance
This brief focuses on using public finance principles to allocate relief funds.
December 7, 2001C. Eugene Steuerle
Individual Taxes: Brief

The Estate Tax Is Down, But Not Out

The 2001 tax act phases out the estate tax over nine years, before reinstating it in year 10. That untenable plan guarantees that the estate tax will be revisited soon. This policy brief summarizes the economic effects of the estate tax and the proposed changes. The estate tax makes the tax system
December 1, 2001Leonard E. BurmanWilliam G. Gale

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