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State and Local Issues: Brief

Racial Disparities in Education Finance: Going Beyond Equal Revenues

Education is a key pathway out of poverty, yet schools that primarily serve minority students often fail to provide the educational opportunities available in predominantly white schools. A series of state court cases has addressed one cause of that disparity, the dramatic funding differences that
November 3, 2008Sheila MurrayKim S. Rueben
Campaigns, Proposals, and Reforms: TaxVox

Calculate Emptor

Have you seen the new tax calculators produced by the Obama and McCain campaigns? The idea is simple enough—make tax real for ordinary voters. Instead of talking about trillions of dollars or 95 percent of working families, describe what an Obama or McCain presidency would mean for real taxpayers.
October 30, 2008Howard Gleckman
Individual Taxes: TaxVox

Something to Agree On

With the candidates attacking each other's tax platforms, agreement over even tax policy basics seems elusive. But there is an exception. Both candidates want to encourage workers to save more through the Auto IRA. The essence of the Auto IRA is to make retirement saving automatic. It would mandate that employers deposit a portion of each paycheck of the 75 million workers without employer pensions into an individual retirement account administered by a private financial institution. Workers could opt out of the program, but the default option — if the worker does nothing— would place the employee on a path to better retirement saving.
October 30, 2008Benjamin H. Harris
Individual Taxes: Brief

The Automatic 401(k): Revenue & Distributional Estimates

One promising aspect of retirement saving policy in recent years is the "automatic" or opt-out features in 401(k) plans. Automatic 401(k)s enable saving even if the worker makes no effort to participate in their 401(k) plan. Prior research has shown that automatic enrollment increased participation
October 30, 2008Christopher GeisslerBenjamin H. Harris
Campaigns, Proposals, and Reforms: TaxVox

A New Stimulus Plan: Keep the Campaign Going

Let's face it, in our slumping economy, there is only one growth industry left: Political campaigns. Well, maybe two, if you count bankruptcy lawyers, but we'll worry about them another time. Think of it, while consumption on everything from autos to sofas has slowed to a trickle, campaign spending is booming. Candidates this year have raised—and are likely to spend—in excess of $5 billion. Barack Obama alone may spend something approaching $1 billion.
October 28, 2008Howard Gleckman
Federal Budget and Economy: TaxVox

Does Divided Government Guarantee Fiscal Responsibility?

The ordinarily very astute EconomistMom blithely asserted that there is "a lot of historical evidence suggesting that one-party government tends toward fiscal irresponsibility." Maybe not. Some time ago, I asked Urban Institute RA, Sonya Hoo, to review the evidence from states, over time, and across countries. She found the evidence of such an effect to be quite ambiguous.
October 27, 2008Leonard E. Burman
Campaigns, Proposals, and Reforms: TaxVox

Senator McCain’s Universal Health Insurance Proposal?

When TPC analyzed Senator McCain’s proposal to replace the income tax exclusion for employer-sponsored health insurance with flat refundable tax credits of $2,500 for single coverage and $5,000 for family coverage, we found only modest net effects on coverage. Our model predicted that more than 21 million people would gain insurance coverage in the individual nongroup market by 2013 while 16 million would lose employer-based coverage. Despite a $1.3 trillion price tag over the next decade, the proposal would yield only modest and temporary gains.
October 27, 2008Leonard E. Burman
Campaigns, Proposals, and Reforms: Representative Families

T08-0280 - Change in Tax Liability Under the Presidential Candidate Tax Plans: Advisors' Versions for Representative Nonelderly Single and Head of Household Families Assuming Current-Law Nonitemizers Do Not Have Mortgages, 2009

2009 Change in individual income and corporate tax liability for representative unmarried nonelderly families under each of the two presidential candidate's proposals.
October 27, 2008
Campaigns, Proposals, and Reforms: Representative Families

T08-0281 - Change in Tax Liability Under the Presidential Candidate Tax Plans: Advisors' Versions for Representative Married Families Filing Joint Returns, Assuming Current-Law Nonitemizers Do Not Have Mortgages, 2009

2009 Change in individual income and corporate tax liability for representative married nonelderly families under each of the two presidential candidate's proposals.
October 27, 2008
Campaigns, Proposals, and Reforms: Representative Families

T08-0282 - Change in Tax Liability Under the Presidential Candidate Tax Plans: Advisors' Version for Representative Elderly Families, Assuming Current-Law Nonitemizers Do Not Have Mortgages, 2009

2009 Change in individual income and corporate tax liability for representative elderly families under each of the two presidential candidate's proposals.
October 27, 2008
Federal Budget and Economy: Research report

The Presidential Candidates' New Tax Proposals - October 27, 2008

In response to the deterioration of the economy and the decline in asset values, Senators McCain and Obama have offered new proposals related to unemployment compensation, retirement savings, taxation of capital gains, and job creation. Although the proposals would provide some benefit, they have
October 27, 2008Roberton C. Williams
Campaigns, Proposals, and Reforms: TaxVox

Share the wealth

A few more thoughts on "Barack the wealth spreader," as Sarah Palin now describes the Democratic nominee. I'm inspired in part by commenter D.F., who wrote this morning, "Tax rebates don't work. We need a flat tax." First off, John McCain is right when he says Obama's tax plan is redistributionist, if by that he means his rival would give his biggest tax cuts to the lowest earners. TPC calculates that Obama would cut the average tax rate for the lowest 20 percent of earners by more than 5 percent while he'd raise the rate by a roughly equal amount for the top 1 percent.
October 23, 2008Howard Gleckman
Individual Taxes: Brief

The Next Stage for Social Policy

Encouraging Work and Family Formation among Low-Income Men
The Earned Income Tax Credit enjoyed marked success bringing low-income women into the labor force in recent years. At the same time, labor force participation by low-income or less-education men stagnated, and declined among young black men. In response to these labor market conditions, this paper
October 22, 2008Adam CarassoHarry HolzerElaine MaagC. Eugene Steuerle
Campaigns, Proposals, and Reforms: TaxVox

Refundable Tax Credits=Socialism?

John McCain says Barack Obama’s enthusiasm for refundable tax credits amounts to socialism. Wow. This is interesting for so many reasons. To start, the mother of all refundable credits is the Earned Income Credit, which is the largest poverty program in the U.S. and distributes $42 billion to more than 20 million low-income families. It was enacted during the Presidency of well-known leftist Gerald Ford, and has been expanded repeatedly ever since, most recently by President Bush in 2001.
October 21, 2008Howard Gleckman
Campaigns, Proposals, and Reforms: TaxVox

Joe the Plumber, Small Business, and a Good Question

A commenter has asked an interesting question about the relationship between small business income and the number of workers in these firms. The FactCheck.org item Len Burman and Eric Toder cited in their blog post this morning reports that 20 million small businesses—many sidelines businesses or hobbies—;have no employees at all besides the proprietor. But it would be good to learn more about the rest. We’d like to hear from any of you who have other data or thoughts about this question.
October 20, 2008Howard Gleckman
Campaigns, Proposals, and Reforms: TaxVox

Joe the Plumber, Obama’s Tax Proposals, and Small Businesses

Poor Joe the Plumber has become a political metaphor: something no one ever wants to be. As we all know by now, based on his actual (rather than aspirational) income of $40,000, Joe would get a slightly bigger tax cut under President Obama than President McCain. But in one sense, even though the real Joe doesn’t own a business, most small business owners, like Joe, also have very modest incomes. Based on a sample of individual income tax returns, TPC finds that among tax units that receive most of their income from their own business, a partnership or a farm (reported on schedules C, E, or F), more than half have income below $30,000 and 80 percent make less than $100,000. (Table T07-0206)
October 20, 2008Leonard E. Burman
Federal Budget and Economy: Research report

Back from the Grave

Revenue and Distributional Effects of Reforming the Federal Estate Tax
In this paper we review the current wealth transfer tax rules and the changes introduced in 2001. We offer an overview of the methodology underlying the TPC's estate tax model and then use the model to estimate the number of estate tax filers, taxable returns, and the distribution of burden under
October 20, 2008Leonard E. BurmanKatherine LimJeffrey Rohaly
Individual Taxes: Current Law

T08-0256 - Current-Law Distribution of Estate Tax By Cash Income Percentile, 2008

2008 distribution of the estate tax by cash income percentile
October 19, 2008
Individual Taxes: Current Law

T08-0255 - Current-Law Distribution of Estate Tax by Economic Income Percentile, 2008

2008 distribution of the estate tax by economic income percentile.
October 19, 2008
Individual Taxes: Current Law

T08-0257 - Current-Law Distribution of Estate Tax By Amount of Estate Tax Paid, 2008

2008 distribution of the estate tax by estate tax paid
October 19, 2008
Individual Taxes: Current Law

T08-0258 - Current-Law Distribution of Estate Tax By Amount of Estate Tax Paid and Marital Status, 2008

2008 distribution of the estate tax by estate tax paid and marital status
October 19, 2008
Individual Taxes: Current Law

T08-0259 - Current-Law Distribution of Estate Tax By Amount of Estate Tax Paid, Farm and Business Returns, 2008

2008 distribution of estate tax by amount of estate tax paid for farm and business returns
October 19, 2008
Individual Taxes: Current Law

T08-0260 - Aggregate Projections: Estate Tax Returns and Liability, 2004-18

2004-2018 revenue projections for estate tax returns and liability under pre-EGTRRA law and current law
October 19, 2008
Individual Taxes: Current Law

T08-0261 - Current-Law Distribution of Estate Tax By Economic Income Percentile, 2009, 2011

2009 and 2011 distribution of the estate tax by economic income percentile
October 19, 2008
Individual Taxes: Current Law

T08-0262 - Current-Law Distribution of Estate Tax By Amount of Estate Tax Paid, 2009, 2011

2009 and 2011 distribution of the estate tax by amount of estate tax paid
October 19, 2008

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